Snellen letter chart: Consists of lines of letters of decreasing size.
Children should stand 10 feet from wall
Nurse tests right eye first, covers the child’s left eye.
For children unable to read letters, the Tumbling Eor HOTV test can be used.
HOTV test – consists of a wall chart composed of letters H, O, T, V.
Examiner points to a letter on the wall chart, and the child points to the corresponding letter on his own smaller chart held in his/her hand.
Allen card test – Uses familiar figures/pictures that the child knows
Visual Acuity Testing in infants or difficult-to-test children
In newborns, vision is tested by checking for light perception.
A light is shone into baby’s eyes and RN checks for responses such as blinking, papillary constriction, blinking, closing the eyes, increased alertness, or following the light.
RN can also test for visual acuity by having the infant fix on a target and follow the target. (Human face is excellent for this)
Hold the infant upright and move face slowly from side to side.Infant should follow your facial movement.
Visual loss or other serious eye problems – fixed pupils, strabismus, constant nystagmus, the sun-setting sign, and slow lateral movements.
Peripheral Vision – Have child fixate on a specific object directly in front of them. Hold finger or a pencil in the child’s peripheral vision. Have child tell RN when he or she sees that item (while still looking ahead.)
Color Vision – Affects 8% to 10% of Caucasian males. ·Ishihara test and Hardy-Rand-Rittler test – cards printed in color. Another image is printed inside the outside shape. (confusion color) ·Unaffected individuals can see both images
Snellen letter chart: Consists of lines of letters of decreasing size.
Visual Acuity Testing in infants or difficult-to-test children
In newborns, vision is tested by checking for light perception.
Peripheral Vision – Have child fixate on a specific object directly in front of them. Hold finger or a pencil in the child’s peripheral vision. Have child tell RN when he or she sees that item (while still looking ahead.)
Color Vision – Affects 8% to 10% of Caucasian males.
· Ishihara test and Hardy-Rand-Rittler test – cards printed in color. Another image is printed inside the outside shape. (confusion color)
· Unaffected individuals can see both images